DiI, DiO, DiD ａnd DiR dyes are a family of lipophilic fluorescent stains for labeling membranes ａnd other hydrophobic structures. The fluorescence of these environment-sensitive dyes is greatly enhanced when incorporated into membranes or bound to lipophilic biomolecules such as proteins although they are weakly fluorescent in water. They have high extinction coefficients, polarity-dependent fluorescence ａnd short excited-state lifetimes. Once applied to cells, these dyes diffuse laterally within the cellular plasma membranes, resulting in even staining of the entire cell at their optimal concentrations. The distinct fluorescence colors of DiI (orange fluorescence), DiO (green fluorescence), DiD (red fluorescence) ａnd DiR (deep red fluorescent) provide a convenient tool for multicolor imaging ａnd flow cytometric analysis of live cells. DiO ａnd DiI can be used with standard FITC ａnd TRITC filters respectively. Among them DiD is well excited by the 633 nm He-Ne laser, ａnd has much longer excitation ａnd emission wavelengths than those of DiI, providing a valuable alternative for labeling cells ａnd tissues that have significant intrinsic fluorescence. DiR might be useful for in vivo imaging or tracing due to the effective transmission of infrared light through cells ａnd tissues ａnd low level of autofluorescence in the infrared range.

细胞膜荧光探针DiR（AAT-22070）艾美捷中文说明：

染料DiI， DiO， DiD 和 DiR是一类亲脂性荧光染料家族，用于标记细胞膜和疏水性组织。这是一类环境敏感型荧光染料，当它们与膜结合或者与亲脂性生物分子（例如蛋白质，虽然在水中其荧光强度很弱）结合时，其荧光强度显著增强。它们具有很高的淬灭系数，偏光依赖性和很短的激发寿命。一旦应用于细胞中，这种染料会在细胞内质膜中逐步扩散，导致在其佳浓度条件下，将整个细胞染色。它们不同的荧光颜色：DiI（橙色荧光）、DiO（绿色荧光）、DiD（红色荧光）、DiR（深红色荧光），为活细胞多色彩荧光成像分析和流式细胞术提供了一种便捷的工具。DiO和DiI可以分别与标准的FITC和TRITC滤光器一同使用。其中，DiO可以被633 nm He-Ne激光激发，并且具有比DiI更长的激发和发射光波长，为标记细胞和组织的那些本身就具有本底荧光的染料提供了非常卓越的替代品。DiR在活体成像或者示踪中非常有用，因为它们所发射的红外光可以高效地穿过细胞和组织，并且在红外光范围内，其本底荧光水平很低。

细胞膜荧光探针DiR艾美捷基本参数：

中文名称：细胞膜荧光探针DiR,碘化物

英文名字：DiR iodide[1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide]

规格：25mg

光谱学相关参数：Ex=748nm / Em=780nm；其对应分子量大小为1013。39MW。

形式：固体

保存建议：推荐使用常温进行运输。建议在低于-15℃温度下冷冻保存，要求储存环境干燥并避免光照。

图1：用DIR-RGD-NP描绘肿瘤相关脉管系统。（A） 肿瘤血管的描绘。肿瘤的白光图像仅在RGD涂层纳米颗粒中施用染料时显示肿瘤相关脉管系统的轮廓；（B） 解剖肿瘤中mCherry和DIR信号的离体成像和共定位（从上至下：2 毫米，5 mm和10 尺寸为mm）；（C） DIR MFI的量化，数据显示平均值 ± 扫描电镜，*p < 0.002，与可溶性DIR和p相比 < 与DIR-NP相比为0.0237；（D） 横截面肿瘤中DIR强度和穿透的量化；每个输送系统的代表性动物如a、B和D所示；（n） = 可溶性DIR和DIR-NP为4；n = 12用于DIR-RGD-NP）。来源：Alvero等人使用卵巢癌小鼠模型检测腹腔内微转移的新方法，《科学报告》，2017年1月。 

图2：白光识别微转移。比较所述纳米颗粒平台的特异性和敏感性的立体图像（表2中的完整数据）。方形区域和白色箭头指向微转移。M、 肠系膜；一、 肠道；示出了每个输送系统的代表性动物；（n） = 可溶性DIR和DIR-NP为4；n = 12用于DIR-RGD-NP）。来源：Alvero等人使用卵巢癌小鼠模型检测腹腔内微转移的新方法，《科学报告》，2017年1月。

细胞膜荧光探针DiR文献参考：

A novel morphological technique to investigate a single climbing fibre synaptogenesis with a Purkinje cell in the developing mouse cerebellum: DiI injection into the inferior cerebellar peduncle

Authors: Kiyohara Y, Endo K, Ide C, Mizoguchi A.

Journal: J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) (2003): 327

Retinal ganglion cells resistant to advanced glaucoma: a postmortem study of human retinas with the carbocyanine dye DiI

Authors: Pavlidis M, Stupp T, Naskar R, Cengiz C, Thanos S.

Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci (2003): 5196

Projection pattern of nerve fibers from the septal organ: DiI-tracing studies with transgenic OMP mice

Authors: Levai O, Strotmann J.

Journal: Histochem Cell Biol (2003): 483

来源：https://www.amyjet.com/products/AAT-22070.shtml