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4-Hydroxynal

CAS No. : 75899-68-2

MCE 站：4-Hydroxynal

产品活性：4-Hydroxynal (4-HNE) 是一种 α，β 不饱和羟基烯醛，是一种氧化/亚硝化应激生物标志物。4-Hydroxynalal 是 ALDH2 的底物和抑制剂。4-Hydroxynalal 可以调节许多信号传导过程，主要是通过与蛋白质，核酸和膜脂质中具有亲核官能团的共价加合物形成的。4-Hydroxynalal 通过线粒体在癌症中起重要作用。

研究领域：Metabolic Enzyme/Protease

作用靶点：Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH)  |  Endogenous Metabolite

In Vitro: 4-Hydroxynal is both a substrate and an inhibitor of ALDH2; inhibition of ALDH2 by 4-Hydroxynal is reversible at low concentration and become irreversible when the concentration of 4-HNE reaches 10 ?M.
4-Hydroxynal can induce antioxidant defense mechanisms to restrain its own production and to enhance the cellular protection against oxidative stress.
4-Hydroxynal, the product of lipid peroxidation, is mutagenic and genotoxic in viruses, bacteria and mammalian cells. It reacts with all four DNA bases but with different efficiency: G >C > A >T. 4-Hydroxynal-dG represents the best biomarker of the genotoxic effects of 4-Hydroxynal and these adducts are primarily found in nuclear DNA. A classic example of etiological relevance of 4-Hydroxynal-dG in human cancers is 4-Hydroxynal-dG induced p53 mutation. 4-Hydroxynal-dG adducts were preferentially formed at the third base of codon 249 in the p53 gene, causing gene mutation and affecting diverse biological processes including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA repair, and differentiation.

In Vivo: Following 24 h after fluid percussion injury (FPI), the mouse brain tissue is analyzed for the expression level of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), 4-Hydroxynal (4-HNE. Both wild-type (Nrf2^+/+) and Nrf2-deficient mice (Nrf2^?/?) results in increased expression of 4-Hydroxynal following 15 psi injury (moderate injury) when compared to uninjured Nrf2^+/+ and Nrf2^?/? mice. Similar to iNOS result, in Nrf2^?/? KO mice, the expression level of 4-Hydroxynal is significantly high when compared to corresponding injured and uninjured Nrf2^+/+ WT animals.

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