Large Optics

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One of Tydex main lines of business is the production of large optic components intended to solve various research, engineering, ａnd production problems. These components measure from 100 mm to 1300 mm ａnd include windows, lenses, mirrors, prisms, ａnd various nonstandard elements with unique specifications. The Company＇s capabilities to produce one component or another depend on many factors, including material, geometry, accuracy, ａnd field of application. Despite the wide range of products offered by Tydex, here are some specifications to gain an idea of our production potentialities in this field.  

General specifications for Tydex large optics:

Types of products

-  Windows (plane-parallel, wedge-shaped);
-  Lenses (meniscus, biconvex, biconcave, plano-convex, plano-concave);
-  Special transmitted-light elements.

-  Plane mirrors (rectangular, circular, diagonal);
-  Spherical mirrors (concave ａnd convex);
-  Aspherical mirrors:
    -  Axis (parabolic ａnd hyperbolic);
    -  Off-axis (parabolic);
-  Special reflected-light elements.

-  Beam splitters (on plane-parallel ａnd wedge-shaped substrates);
-  Special elements with partially reflecting (transmitting) coatings of effective surfaces;
-  Special elements with reflecting ａnd transmitting coatings of irregular shape on one surface;
-  Prisms with some surfaces transmitting light ａnd other surfaces reflecting it.

Fields of application

The main field of application of Tydex＇s large optics is astronomy ａnd relevant applications. Moreover, many optical components are produced to complete various illumination, scanning, ａnd lidar systems, laser systems, ａnd testing systems having applied importance ａnd intended to solve research ａnd engineering problems. These fields of application determine the stringent surface quality ａnd accuracy, QA, ａnd data-processing requirements to be met by Tydex＇s optics.

Materials

Large optical components are made of various materials which are selected considering their availability, fields of application, operating conditions for the product, ａnd specifications. For example, materials for transmission optics have high transmission factors in wavelength ranges specified by the Customer. Such components are manufactured from Russian, German (Schott), ａnd Japan (Ohara) optical glasses ａnd fused silica. Reflecting ａnd mixed-type optics can be made of the same materials, depending on their cost ａnd field of application. Moreover, special materials can be used to make mirrors. For example, astronomical mirrors are made from Sitall CO-115M (Astrositall, an analogue of Zerodur) with an extremely low coefficient of thermal expansion. This material was specially developed for high-precision reflecting optics.

Since the optics involved is large-sized, it should be remembered that the choice of such materials is restricted by the maximum possible size, which may limit their use for solving certain problems in the field.

Surface accuracy

The best possible accuracy that can be ensured depends on a variety of factors of which most important are the type of material ａnd the linear dimensions of the product. However, the experience of our opticians ａnd the available instruments ａnd special equipment allow our company to produce optics with a wavefront accuracy of L/10 at 633 nm which is equal to a surface accuracy of L/20.

Surface quality

All our products fully comply with the internationally recognized MIL-0-13830A standard. The surface quality of the mirrors produced by the company depends on their dimensions:

• 60/40 scratch/dig for linear dimensions up to 400 mm;
• 80/50 scratch/dig for linear dimensions up to 800 mm;
• 120/80 scratch/dig for linear dimensions more than 800 mm.

This parameter depends on the type of material ａnd the surface accuracy of the product.

Coatings

Protected aluminum is our most popular coating for reflecting optics. Transmitting components are coated with antireflection films optimized to fit the wavelength range required. Upon the Customer＇s request, we can apply coatings of other types, if the Company＇s capabilities allow. These coatings together with maximum diameters are listed in the table below:

Should the operational need arise, we can undertake to apply coatings to components of other types or larger dimensions than those specified in the table. Well-established links to many specialized subcontracting companies (including foreign ones) allow us to extend our capabilities considerably. Therefore, please contact us to inquire about our production potentialities even in "exotic" cases.

Dimensions ａnd standard specifications

·  Flat mirrors of round shape

-  Linear dimensions: from 100 mm to 1000 mm;
-  Wavefront accuracy: up to L/8 at 633 nm (or surface accuracy L/16)

·  Diagonal plane mirrors

-  Minor axis dimension: from 30 mm to 250 mm;
-  Wavefront accuracy: up to L/8 at 633 nm (or surface accuracy L/16)

·  Spherical mirrors

-  Diameters: from 100 mm to 1300 mm;
-  Wavefront accuracy: up to L/8 at 633 nm (or surface accuracy L/16);
-  Standard numerical apertures: F/3-F/10

·  Axis parabolic ａnd hyperbolic mirrors

-  Diameters: from 200 mm to 1300 mm;
-  Wavefront accuracy: up to L/8 at 633 nm (or surface accuracy L/16);
-  Standard numerical apertures: F/3-F/10

·  Off-axis parabolic mirrors

-  Diameters: from 70 mm to 650 mm;
-  Wavefront accuracy: up to L/5 at 633 nm (or surface accuracy L/10);
-  Standard numerical apertures: F/3-F/10;
-  Standard off-axis angles: 10°-30°

·  Optical windows

-  Maximum linear dimension: 1000 mm;
-  Wavefront accuracy: up to L/8 at 633 nm (or surface accuracy L/16)

·  Optical lenses

- Diameters: from 80 to 400 mm;
- Surface accuracy: L/2 at 633 nm

·   Standard astronomical systems

-  Diameters of primary mirrors: from 400 mm to 1300 mm;
-  Wavefront accuracy (of a ready-assembled system): L/8 at 633 nm (or surface accuracy L/16);
-  Standard numerical apertures of primary mirrors: F/3-F/10;
-  Standard numerical apertures of systems: F/7-F/20

Quality assurance

While manufactured, each large optical component is subjected to multistage quality control. The optics manufactured is inspected by two independent quality control departments ａnd carefully tested. The results of testing are documented in a test certificate where all specified ａnd measured parameter values are indicated. Products of each type are subjected to an individual QA procedure, which ensures unambiguous interpretation of the results obtained. For example, the accompanying documentation for each astronomical system includes two test certificates for the primary mirror ａnd the entire system, interferograms (including negatives) for the primary mirror ａnd the entire system, ａnd the results from a numerical analysis of the interferograms.

The above types of products ａnd their specifications are standard ａnd do not exhaust all the range of products that can be offered.