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PLoS ONE：海拔高度影响林加尼火山植物多样性
取样地的设计
8月8日，从中科院西双版纳热带植物园获悉，该园的博士研究生Gbadamassi G. O. Dossa等沿不同海拔高度对印度尼西亚龙目岛的林加尼火山进行植物样品的采集发现，海拔是决定群落组成的重要影响因素。该研究成果在知名杂志《公共科学图书馆·综合》上发表。
热带火山是一个还有待研究的重要生态系统，由于土壤更加低龄和均匀，植物物种多样性、植物组成变化与海拔的关系都与其他隆起山脉不同。
“我们采用小区和小区之间多样性模型和协变量方法对林加尼火山的植物组成变化、生物量、海拔进行分析，同时，根据海拔梯度对植物谱系结构进行了调查。”Gbadamassi G. O. Dossa告诉记者，他们共调查了92个物种的树木和902棵灌木以及67个物种的地被植物。发现随着海拔高度的增加，林下层、中层和冠层植物的小区多样性呈下降趋势，而地被植物则呈现驼峰型模式。
研究人员认为海拔是决定所有植物组成小区多样性的*重要因素。地被植物的小区多样性与叶面积指数呈负相关，这说明低海拔地区的林下层植物多样性受低光条件限制。地被植物的小区之间多样性随海拔高度的增加而增加，而其他植物的物种组成则相反。
“地表以上生物量与海拔高度没有显著的模型相关，与小区多样性模型也没有显著相关。低海拔地区的群落呈随机谱系结构，但海拔1600米以上的群落属于聚集谱系结构。”Gbadamassi G. O. Dossa解释说。 研究表明，在高海拔地区存在较强的环境筛选作用，从而为植物物种多样性随海拔增加而减少提供了合理解释。
英文摘要
PLoS ONE doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067720
Factors Determining Forest Diversity ａnd Biomass on a Tropical Volcano, Mt. Rinjani, Lombok, Indonesia
Gbadamassi G. O. Dossa, Ekananda Paudel, Junichi Fujinuma, Haiying Yu, Wanlop Chutipong, Yuan Zhang, Sherryl Paz, Rhett D. Harrison
Tropical volcanoes are an important but understudied ecosystem, ａnd the relationships between plant species diversity ａnd compositional change ａnd elevation may differ from mountains created by uplift, because of their younger ａnd more homogeneous soils. We sampled vegetation over an altitudinal gradient on Mt. Rinjani, Lombok, Indonesia. We modeled alpha- （plot） ａnd beta- （among plot） diversity （Fisher＇s alpha）, compositional change, ａnd biomass against elevation ａnd selected covariates. We also examined community phylogenetic structure across the elevational gradient. We recorded 902 trees ａnd shrubs among 92 species, ａnd 67 species of ground-cover plants. For understorey, subcanopy ａnd canopy plants, an increase in elevation was associated with a decline in alpha-diversity, whereas data for ground-cover plants suggested a hump-shaped pattern. Elevation was consistently the most important factor in determining alpha-diversity for all components. The alpha-diversity of ground-cover vegetation was also negatively correlated with leaf area index, which suggests low light conditions in the understorey may limit diversity at lower elevations. Beta-diversity increased with elevation for ground-cover plants ａnd declined at higher elevations for other components of the vegetation. However, statistical power was low ａnd we could not resolve the relative importance to beta-diversity of different factors. Multivariate GLMs of variation in community composition among plots explained 67.05%, 27.63%, 18.24%, ａnd 19.80% of the variation （deviance） for ground-cover, understorey, subcanopy ａnd canopy plants, respectively, ａnd demonstrated that elevation was a consistently important factor in determining community composition. Above-ground biomass showed no significant pattern with elevation ａnd was also not significantly associated with alpha-diversity. At lower elevations communities had a random phylogenetic structure, but from 1600 m communities were phylogenetically clustered. This suggests a greater role of environmental filtering at higher elevations, ａnd thus provides a possible explanation for the observed decline in diversity with elevation.
