变频器矢量控制的基本原理是通过测量和控制异步电动机定子电流矢量，根据磁场定向原理分别对异步电动机的励磁电流和转矩电流进行控制，从而达到控制异步电动机转矩的目的。具体是将异步电动机的定子电流矢量分解为产生磁场的电流分量 (励磁电流) 和产生转矩的电流分量 (转矩电流) 分别加以控制，并同时控制两分量间的幅值和相位，即控制定子电流矢量，所以称这种控制方式称为矢量控制方式。矢量控制方式又有基于转差频率控制的矢量控制方式、无速度传感器矢量控制方式和有速度传感器的矢量控制方式等。

　　基于转差频率控制的矢量控制方式同样是在进行U / f ＝恒定控制的基础上，通过检测异步电动机的实际速度n，并得到对应的控制频率f，然后根据希望得到的转矩，分别控制定子电流矢量及两个分量间的相位，对通用变频器的输出频率f进行控制的。基于转差频率控制的矢量控制方式的特点是，可以消除动态过程中转矩电流的波动，从而提高了通用变频器的动态性能。早期的矢量控制通用变频器基本上都是采用的基于转差频率控制的矢量控制方式。

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