Nf-κB proteins are characterized by the presence of a 300-amino acid sequence on the N-terminus called the Rel homology domain (RHD). Five members comprise the Nf-κB protein family: RelA/p65, RelB, c-Rel, p50 ａnd p52. These proteins bind to kB sites as homo- or hetero- dimers which can have a positive or negative impact on gene transcription.
There are two types of Nf-κB signaling pathway: canonical ａnd non-canonical. Both require activation through post translational modifications of IkB inhibitors. Canonical pathway activation predominantly occurs through BCR, TCR, TLR4, IL-1R or TNF-R receptors, whereas the non-canonical pathway involves receptor activation of CD40L, BAFF or lymphotoxin-B.
Nf-κB蛋白质的特征在于在N-末端存在称为Rel同源性结构域（RHD）的300个氨基酸的序列。Nf-κB蛋白家族由五个成员组成：RelA / p65，RelB，c-Rel，p50和p52。这些蛋白作为同源或异源二聚体结合到kB位点上，可能对基因转录产生正面的或负面的影响。
Nf-κB信号传导途径有两种类型：典型和非典型。两者都需要通过IkB抑制剂的翻译后修饰来激活。典型途径活化主要通过BCR，TCR，TLR4，IL-1R或TNF-R受体发生，而非经典途径涉及CD40L，BAFF或淋巴毒素-B的受体活化。
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